Hippocampus Damage: Understanding the Effects and Recovery Process

Hippocampus damage can affect memory and learning-related functions. For example, brain injury survivors with hippocampus damage may struggle to recall old memories or create new ones. Fortunately, this structure of the brain has a unique ability to heal and improve overall function by creating new brain cells through a process called neurogenesis. This article will discuss how hippocampus damage can affect many cognitive functions and the most effective ways to promote recovery. What Is the Function of the Hippocampus? The hippocampus is a small, C-shaped structure embedded in the temporal lobe, just below the cerebral cortex. It is a part of the limbic system, which is...

Orbitofrontal Cortex Damage: Understanding Emotional & Behavioral Changes After TBI

When a survivor sustains orbitofrontal cortex damage, it can lead to unwanted behavioral changes. The orbitofrontal cortex is an area of the brain responsible for the cognitive process of decision-making, but it is also involved in other cognitive functions. Behavioral changes after a brain injury can make it challenging for both the survivor and their loved ones. Fortunately, there are different ways to help manage orbitofrontal cortex damage. This article will discuss how orbitofrontal cortex damage can interfere with behavior, and potential treatment strategies. What Is the Function of the Orbitofrontal Cortex? The orbitofrontal cortex is an area within the prefrontal cortex located in the frontal...

Moderate Brain Injury: Understanding the Effects & Recovery Process

Traumatic brain injuries can be classified as mild, moderate or severe. Moderate brain injury makes up only about 10 percent of all traumatic brain injuries. Secondary effects of moderate brain injury vary depending on the location of damage, and can include cognitive, physical and emotional changes. While some effects can be permanent, many individuals are able to experience a positive recovery from moderate brain injury. Most studies focus on either mild or severe traumatic brain injuries. Furthermore, when moderate brain injury is studied, it is often paired with severe brain injury. This makes it challenging to fully understand moderate brain injury and how to recover...

Areas of the Brain Most Vulnerable during a Traumatic Brain Injury: Which Structures Are Impacted?

Traumatic brain injury survivors may experience a range of secondary effects depending on which areas of the brain sustain damage. The parts of the brain impacted by TBI are responsible for varying functions. When areas of the brain most vulnerable during a traumatic brain injury become damaged, the brain may no longer be able to complete these functions accurately. This article will include an overview of the most common types of TBI. It will also describe potential effects of damage to many of the areas of the brain most vulnerable during a traumatic brain injury. Areas of the Brain Most Vulnerable During...

Basal Ganglia Brain Damage: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

The basal ganglia are structures within the brain primarily responsible for movement. When someone sustains basal ganglia brain damage, they may experience difficulties with balance, posture, or other movements. Normally, the brain is in constant communication with your muscles via neural pathways. However, when the basal ganglia sustain damage, some of these pathways can be affected and impair the brain’s ability to control your muscles. Fortunately, the brain has the ability to rewire itself through neuroplasticity, and there are many ways to treat basal ganglia brain damage and promote recovery. This article will discuss the causes, most common secondary effects, and ways to overcome...